政治經濟學

第二章 政治經濟學的本質

前言 政治經濟學的定義；政治經濟學研究范圍和主題的擴展；政治經濟學研究的長遠目標（外生，內生）；使用政治經濟學研究途徑來解釋政治現象；市場失靈與政府失靈；新制度主義；新政治經濟學；經濟學是否價值中立？

你要尋找的就是你會發現的 1.一個經濟體的定義

                         2.經濟行動者的本質

                         3.世界經濟的原動力

經濟體的本質 經濟制度的產生；政治與經濟研究的整合

經濟體的嵌入物 霸權穩定論

結論

English writing assignment 2

topic Facebook
thesis statement  Facebook.com is popular nowadays.
supporting ideas 1.Facebook is a virtual community where people can communicate with each other.
2.Facebook provides many kinds of interesting games.
3.On Facebook.com, people can experience something which is not going to happen in the real world.

It is reported that eight thousand million minutes are spent on Facebook.com each day in the whole world. The tornado of Facebook is sweeping over different countries, different races and different countries. Every one has to admit that Facebook is popular nowadays. Why does this website have such a magic power?

First, Facebook satisfies users' social needs. Nowadays people are too busy at work to make contact with their families or friends. It is quite common that you won't see your siblings until next Spring Festival comes. While, Facebook could help you as a virtual community where you can communicate with each other. You can write a blog or post some photographs to inform you friends what you are doing. Besides, you can make new friends on Facebook, even though you never met each other.

Second, Facebook is a website which provides a lot entertainment. People can find thousands of interesting games here. Of course Facebook is not a professional game website and that is not its advantage. However, the games on Facebook have their unique charms. People do not need to spend much time on it, but by playing them people can have fun and release pressure.

Last but not least, peoople feel excited using Facebook because they can experience something new. For example, a lot of people are attracted by a program called happy farms. You can grow plants on your own farm and harvest gains when they come to macurity. However, the essence of the game is that you can steal crops from the farms of your friends. Stealing is illegal in the real world but it's OK in the virtual world. People like to reap without sowing.

It should not be surprised that so many people love Facebook since it satisfies the needs perfectly. The website provides a virtual place where you can communicate, where you can have fun and where you can feel exciting.

journal 10.19

October 19th, Monday, Cloudy
A few minutes ago, one of my classmates who also came to Taiwan as exchange students was talking to me through MSN. "I have brook up with my girlfriend yesterday. " I was surprised by this message and asked him why the relationship was ended. He just kept silence, sending some suspension points to me.

In the first half year of 2009, I would never imagine they could break up, since they always hooked up with each other. They shared the same interests and they looked so matched. Everyone around them agreed that they were born together. Even a guy who had a little crush on the girl held the same opinion.

I think both of them had thought about what would happen after they guy came to Taiwan. Would the distance affect their relationship? I believe they both had a suspicious of that. At that time, I had joked with the guy, "Chances are that your girlfriend will abandon you if you are not by her side!" I didn't know that the joke would come true.

If the guy didn't come to Taiwan, would they end up together? I doubt that because they have to face the "distance" issue two years later when they are graduated. As I know, they are from different provinces. It will be perfect if they find satisfied jobs in the same city but who knows what will happen in the future? The guy may stay in Xiamen or go back to their hometowns or go to bigger city like Beijing or Shanghai, so may the girl.

I am kind of pessimistic about the college love. Of course there are successful examples around, but there are more failed couples. So many factors could affect the relationship especially when the couple graduate from the college and face the practical problems.

I will take their experience as a lesson, hoping I can find my Miss Right soon.

journal 10.25

October 25th, Sunday, Sunny
"Mayday is going to hold a minor concert today in Kaohsiung to thank their fans that 55555 tickets were sold out in just one weekend." We heard this information through the radio in the train. Even though our schedule was tight, we still decided to go to see their performance.

When we got the central park where this concert would be held, there were already hundreds of people waiting for the show. Most of them were teenagers and college students, crowding in front of the stage, shouting Mayday's name.

Finally, after 30 minutes from the established time, Mayday appeared on the stage. The atmosphere there was extremely hot. I was not one of their fans, but I couldn't help but waving hands with them and singing the sangs.

I did feel the power of Idol, who was able to make all the people excited. Everyone in the scene was crazy and they seemed like using the drugs. I was also involved in the heat.

After the excitement, I want to figure out where did the power come from. Music itself can't explain all parts of the phenomenon.  Everyone has a MP3 or CD player and they don't behave as they were in the concert. Besides, the idol himself must have a charming personality. It doesn't need to be amiable, sometimes the personality of the idol could be cool, like Faye Wong, but it has to be unique and distinct.

I think the most important reason that fans showed unbelievable craziness in the concert is about the time and the place. The concert just provided proper time and proper place. The fans are mostly young and they need a place to release their emotion after listening to the rock style  music. It will be strange if they wave hands or scream in the public places or at home, but it is the right thing in the concert or KTV. If lot of people gather together ,the "improper behaviors " thing isn't a problem any more.

I didn't buy the ticket for the Mayday concert. I am regretting now.

journal 10.17

October 17th, Saturday, Sunny
"Come on! You can do this!" My peers along with me were encouraging me. I was on the ship at that time,wearing a life jacket,while my peers were riding on a long boat made of rubber without any security fence on it. It  was called the "banana boat" which is very popular in Kenting.

I hesitated a lot at that moment. On one side I am scared of water. Every time I traveled to the city at the seaside, I would never enter the sea. When my family or friends were playing in the seawater, I would just walk on the beach and play with the sands.

Actually there was a story. When I was 5 years old, I almost drowned in a pool. Ever since then, I began avoiding any activities concerning the water. I hate the feeling when my body was submerged by the water. I have nothing to hold and I have to try my best to make my head out of water. How could not other people feel dangerous and what is the pleasure?

Back to the scene happening in Kenting, everyone on the boat was looking at me. I was embarrassed. "Behave like a man!""There is nothing to worry about! You are wearing a life vest!"...It seemed that everyone on the boat was judging me. I decided to ignore them until I heard a little boy talking to me,"don't be afraid, I will go with you."  Finally, I decided to have a try.

As I expected, the banana boat was overturned by the waves and all the people were throwed to the sea. I was choked by the salty water and floating on the water until the boat came to pull us on board. I don't like this feeling, but it wasn't as hard as I had imagined. It's just so-so.

Today's experience inspired me. I should never imagine something to be so hard  that I dare not to have a try. Sometimes it is myself who is exaggerating the difficulties and I was not conscious of it. I tried the banana boat and I still didn't like it, but there might be something I do like and I missed. Have a try, and don't make regrets in my life.

English writing assignment 1

Last year, the financial crisis made a lot of people out of employment.  As a result of which, we all found that it was harder to make a living. Some people may concern that the unemployment could cause living problems and propose that the government should provide those people with basic living products. However, I believe the damage to the heart is more importmant. Being unemployed can cause people to lose their self-respect.

People who lost their jobs need to confront with the living problem. They need to feed themselves and their families if they are married. Even though we might have enough savings to survive the unemployed period,  people are still worried. It is hard to remain the self-respect state of mind when a person needs to worry about what to eat tomorrow. Losing the job definitely could change the standard of living which could damage the self-respect. People might think I used to eat out in the restaurant and now I have to cook the dinner myself. The adaption to that is not easy.

Another reason of people losing their self-respect is about the value of life. When people have a good job, they believe they are useful to the society. Once they lost their jobs, their careers were ruined. People may think I am useless now. Everyone wants to be needed and that feeling is horrible when you feel you are discarded by the society.

Thirdly but not the least, the unemployed have to face the judgement from other people. It is never easy to pretend nothing when your neighbors talking gossip about you. Sometimes people have faith in themselves, we believe everything is gonna be OK. We tell ourselves that the economic crisis will come over and we could get a new job. It's those gossips that make people feel bad. They just begin to suspect themselves and definitely this could damage people's self-respect.

All in all, self-respect means a lot to people especially to those who are unemployed. The society should pay more attention to this issue and make preparations to prevent this situation.

公關作業之二 求職小傳

每一個人在求職前都會對自我進行審查，我也不例外。我能勝任這份工作嗎？我能把這份工作做得長久嗎？跟其他人相比，我的優勢又在哪里呢？這是我在求職前進行的思考。

First, I can. 我就讀于廈門大學新聞傳播學院，主攻國際新聞方向。經過四年的學習，對于撰寫新聞稿已經有了全面的了解。在大學四年中，既有新聞采寫、新聞攝影以及報刊編輯這樣的實踐課，也有傳播心理、中外新聞史這樣的理論課。在校內媒體擔任過雜志主編，在暑假里也去過校外媒體實習，已經有了一些撰寫新聞的實踐經驗。在處理人際關系方面，我也有相當的自信。學生干部的經歷讓我收獲了不少與老師、同學打交道的經驗，并且組織過幾次大型活動，我相信這些經驗都會讓我在未來的公關工作中受益。

Second，I will. 我對這份工作有著十二分的熱忱。剛剛擺脫了學生的身份，最需要的就是接觸社會，接觸各式各樣的人士。公關工作大概是最需要跟人交往的，而這正是我最感興趣的。公關工作在我心目中非常有意義，在整個公司里扮演著非常重要的角色。就像交響樂團的指揮，對外代表整個公司的形象，對內則需要處理好成員之間的關系。當看到公司的業績因為自己公關工作的緣故而提升，看到社會上對于公司形象的好評時，那種成就感和自我價值實現的感覺是其它工作比不來的。

Last， I am different. 細細想來，在我人生中每一個轉折點，似乎都跟別人不一樣。出生在山東，卻來到福建廈門讀書，又跑到臺灣做交流生。對于三個地方的風土人情都有了一定的見識，這在公關工作中肯定會有幫助。作為一名新聞專業畢業生，我所掌握的也不僅僅是寫新聞。攝影是我的業余愛好，拍照的技術絕對可以勝任為公文配圖的要求，這樣采、攝就可以同時進行。另外，對于其它媒介，像廣播節目制作、電視節目制作、報紙排版、電子書等等，我也掌握了相應的軟件技術。雖然說不上精通，但是應對一般的工作并不成問題。

I can, I will and I am different. 這就是我的求職宣言。在您看過這五百字的小傳之后，希望您會認為雇傭我會是一件雙贏的事情。

journal 10.5

September 5th, Monday                                           Rainy

Today is a normal day, but the true significance of life is to try to find something meaningful from the common things, right? It's really important to pay attention to the details in our lives, otherwise we will miss something and regret.

When I first came to Kaohsiung, I didn't realize anything different from Xiamen, except the motorbikes running everywhere. But when the days went on, I found some tiny differences. It's these minor details that remind me I am in Taiwan now.

Today I went to the library to borrow a book. First I went to the computers to search the book on the Internet. When I was done, I found that there was a little box lying on the top of the computer which contained some pieces of paper. What was the paper used for here? Then the guy beside me took one piece from the box, wrote down the number of the book and took it to find the book on the bookshelf.

I understood. Students didn't need to take out their notebooks to take down the book number. It was so convenient! What's more, this paper was used on one side, but the other side was clean. This strategy could make full use of the paper which was supposed to be discarded directly.

I had seen several such details in the I-Shou University. The class schedule at the entrance of every classroom, the three different degrees of water available at any time, the bags for the umbrella in the rainy days...just to name a few. Some people might say it's not a big deal. Yes, I agree. But it’s these minor details that make our lives better.

I will write a report to Xiamen University when I return, telling the management what I saw in I-Shou University. I am sure my schoolmates would feel warm if my advice is taken.

journal 10.4

October 4th, Sunday                                             Cloudy

I always treasure those moments when I am inspired about life, since it's too busy for us to think about our lives nowadays. I will count this midnight in, because at that moment I feel lucky that I am alive, healthily.

It was about 1:30 in the midnight. I just finished a film and was ready to go to bed. Suddenly I felt the floor rocked slightly. At the beginning I just thought it's a hallucination due to the late stay-up. However I found the lamp on the ceiling was swaying! Now I realized it's an earthquake!

For a moment, my mind went blank. It would exaggerate if I said I had never experienced an earthquake before, but never one with such strong feelings. The earthquake happened in Sichuan Province last year left me a great impression. What if this one was comparative to that one? Was I going to die? And I thought of my family and my friends. Was I never going to see you?

At this time, my roommate ran out of the room and told me to go downstairs. I stopped letting my mind running away and went with him. Lots of students were scared and gathered in the ground floor. For the students from the mainland, this was huge. Everyone was talking to each other and trying to figure out where and when the earthquake happened, with a nervous expression on their faces.

After a few minutes, it seemed everything went to normal. I came back to my dormitory with fear lingering in my heart. I realized I had just escaped from an earthquake, even though there was no casualty. I knew it’s midnight but I still began to send messages to my parents and friends telling what happened and how much I loved them. The only thing I was feeling at that time was how lucky I was. I really should cherish my life.

A lot of people died in earthquakes but we lived. The earthquake was just like an alarm clock that God had placed in my life to remind me to treasure what I have and be graceful. In some point, I should be thankful to the earthquake. 

公關實務作業之一

內文主旨

這是一篇訪談錄，對話雙方是雲門舞集的創辦人林懷民和聯合報的社長王文杉。林懷民以一個公共知識分子的身份批評了聯合報的種種弊端，并提出了自己的意見和建議。在訪談中，林懷民不僅對于聯合報的辦報方針發表了意見，對于臺灣社會種種不良現象，他也說出了自己的看法。總的來說，這篇訪談錄包含了林懷民對于臺灣媒體以及社會的深刻的反思，擔憂之情呼之欲出。

作者觀點

1.聯合報的政治色彩不應太過濃厚，更不應該卷入政治斗爭中，成為政黨的宣傳報。

2.聯合報不應該太過關注政治議題，而應該多一些與臺灣人生活相關的公共議題。普通人不需要這么多的政治新聞。

3.缺乏國際視野，臺灣不能自決于世界。

4.每周回顧一定要有背景說明，告訴讀者跟台灣有什麼關係。

5.所有訊息都與商業、消費文化有關。

6.報紙不需要太多的影劇新聞，文化的東西要多一些。

7.現在只有吵架的文化，連語言都沒有。

8.聯合報應該培養各種專欄作家。臺灣要有人說話是大家愿意去聽的。

9.整個媒體里沒有人的觸動，人的溫暖和感覺要出來。

10.社會最需要關注文化議題。因為決定未來發展的是文化。

11.聯合報一直在談族群融合，可是你的報紙沒有做到，你在參與族群的分裂，一面控訴別人，你卻沒有比別人好，你石頭丟得比別人兇，因為你有武器。

12.對政府政策要平衡來看，把問題剖析來看。

13.報紙一天到晚改版，讀者簡直找不到要的東西。

我對文章的批判

1.林懷民認為對于新聞事件要有回顧，要從頭說起。這對于報紙來說很不現實，報紙不是雜志，要強調時效性和版面限制。不可能對每一個新聞事件都進行補課。

2.林懷民身為一位文化界人士，對于文化議題猶為關注，在某種程度上忽略了政治和經濟對于社會的重要作用。

3.林懷民認為對政府政策的批判不能太偏激，要平衡來看。這樣的批評方式肯定會在一定程度上喪失文筆的尖銳性，文章過于平穩并不是一件好事。

4.林懷民對于聯合報的指責許多都是當今媒體的通病。應該說，媒體的內容在某種程度上是受眾決定的。受眾的喜好是媒體生存的根本，這種市場的壓力是他所體會不到的。

如何改變林懷民的觀點

1.向他解釋報紙運營過程中的種種困難，讓報社的記者以及發行人員和他進行溝通。雙方進行良好的互動，讓他明白報紙的生存壓力。

2. 邀請他來報社參觀，讓他知道報社運行的整個流程，更能體諒作為媒體的不易之處。

3.可以看到的是，臺灣并沒有一份可以讓林懷民完全滿意的報紙，這與整個媒介環境是有關系的。報紙一定要符合受眾的需求，如果受眾不關心的議題，那報紙肯定是不會去關注的。

4.林懷民自己是有一定的政治立場的，在評判聯合報時，難免會帶上藍綠色彩。要向他說明這一點，并找一家綠營媒體作對比，說明綠媒也好不到哪里去。